Pricing Strategy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Pricing Strategy - Essay ExampleAs opposed to the conventional practice of setting prices to cover costs in the restaurant industry, this upscale Chinese restaurant shall adopt a demand-based price strategy. Demand-centric pricing usually has three major components. Firstly, such a pricing allows companies to set prices to achieve particular sales targets (Levy & Weitz, 2012). Secondly, it allows the firm to assess the maximum and minimum prices gratifying by the target market (Levy & Weitz, 2012). Finally, psychological pricing allows companies to take avail of the superior price, high bore rule as well as odd pricing (Levy & Weitz, 2012). A cost-based onrush is an inside-out draw close which is clearly not commensurate for the cafe as it would leave the cafe vulnerable to fluctuating good prices. Such a strategy would downplay customers perceptions of the upscale image of the restaurant. There may be sure food items for which customers would be willing to pay more yet the c ost-based approach treats every offering evenly and fails to capture the added profit that can be earned from such products. In such cases, a demand-based approach would be most suited which would allow the restaurant to charge a premium price for its high demand dishes such as Chicken Szechwan and Tempura fish. Although the restaurant is upscale, it must be understood that the presence of several(prenominal) Chinese restaurants makes this marketplace highly competitive for the restaurant. Skimming the market would, therefore, not be a suitable option. This is because skimming strategy works best for new products or those with little competition. Keeping this in mind, a penetration pricing would be used with an introductory offer for the new Chinese restaurant. The major advantage of penetration pricing is that it draws customers attention to newly launched products and encourages them to try them because of their affordability. At the same time, it would serve as a strategy for br eaking the clutter by encouraging customers to switch from competitors to this restaurant. This would have the effect of attracting and lifting a strong customer base during initial years of the restaurants operations. Although such a pricing strategy would result in lower margins initially, market share shall be increased in the abundant run. At this time, however, the creation of brand identity would be very significant. This restaurant brand shall not be recognized by its low prices but the VIP treatment given to customers and food quality at unbeatable prices. Only the highest quality of ingredients and expert chefs shall be used to prepare the meals. The articulate presentation as well as exceptional customer service shall be used to set high standards. By providing low prices and high quality of food along with dine-in facilities, long waiting cues are anticipated to develop in the restaurant which shall only be opened at one location initially. This shall further taper the restaurants popularity which will be precisely the time when the penetration pricing strategy shall be replaced with premium pricing. This is because the upscale ambience and perception of high quality will justify the higher prices. Since the high society will have developed a strong customer base that is loyal to the companys high quality food and dining experience, the high prices later on would not deter them from eating at this restaurant. Also, by attracting customers through penetration prici

Final Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 7

Final - Essay ExampleThere were several aspects responsible for the ineffectiveness that was rive of purpose technical school. one of the elements related to effective squad ups is that combination of people results in better and more effective work while individualistic work is not as productive. In comparison, the employees within Decision Tech were simply busy in leg pulling, competing against each separate and not trusting each other to function as a coherent and cohesive team. Team mates are supposed to promote and help each other grow in order to be an effective team. However, in Decision Tech this was not the case at all, as most employees were busy with their own work to sharpen on anyone else. Each member was focused on making sure they could get ahead instead. This was a clear situation where the organizational performance was being jeopardized.The executive team was such that people would adjure them the staff within the organization. The main reasons behind this w ere that the executive body would fight against each other, not let the other succeed. As a result, in most meetings, it was noticed that the executive team could not produce to any mutual decisions successfully. Individually, each person was brilliant in his or her job and was working short fine for the organization, however, collectively, they were not being productive as a team. The team had developed a stopping point of its own where it was hostile and silent in most cases and the team could not perform well delinquent to these issues in the culture of the executive team. Most elements of the norming stage were not even reached where the team would tend to sack differences and move towards cohesiveness. Instead, the team was primarily stuck in the forming stage where the team mates were still trying to lay to each other and were more inclined to work independently than as a team.It was noted that the team had not reached all the four stages of team development at all. From the four stages of team development, the executive team at

Proposal about an article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Proposal about an - article ExampleHowever, organization culture of the two firms proves to be incompatible and will likely yield the great conflict of interest.It has been an issue of pubic debate in respect of Burger king takeover of Tim Hortons in Canada for unlike reasons. The article explores the cost cutting strategies of Burger King which is possible in the United States. It is therefore portrayed as having a possibility of carrying this culture into Canada after merger with immediate layoffs which will result into unemployment and reflect on retrogressive economic consequences. The culture of Burger King is clearly conflicting the Canadian overwhelming spirit of police squad work and favorable social welfare of the employees as practiced by Tim Hortons. Burger king is known for caper with diverse brands which is likely to conflict with Canadian based Tim Horton with a strong brand identity. It is therefore critical to note that the author of this article addresses reali ty of merging or firms in respect of cultural

Developing Cultural Flexibility Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Developing Cultural Flexibility - Essay illustrationOn the other hand, the United Nations Educational Scientific and Social Organization (UNESCO) defined coating as the collection of distinguishing religious, physical, intellectual, and emotional attributes of a society or social group, and incorporate, with the addition of aspects of the arts and social sciences, traditions and beliefs (Dilworth & Maital, 2008, 30). With these in mind, national identity is the core for culture. discipline identity is needed for the culture of a certain culture to exist and be further enriched by generations and generations.Culture is a treasure of a civilization which is preposterous and cannot be altered by advancements of other aspects in the lives of people. Culture is a national symbol. Therefore, culture is unrivalled of the symbols that bind these people. It is what the people internalise and is being taken cargon of to be protected and not be altered or colonized by other cultures for t hese is what makes this alliance of people unique and special (Johanson & Wiedersheim-Paul, 1975 Hakala, 2008).National identity is significant as a source of culture in people as it is a symbol of the nation which makes the culture unique and special. With what is happening worldwide, people are fighting for the preservation of their cultures. They are fighting for it to be conserved and still be passed on to the future generations. It is not just a battle for their culture to withstand the modernization but it is also a battle to ensure that the culture will still be experienced and not just a mere figment of a persons imagination (Johanson & Wiedersheim-Paul, 1975 Hakala, 2008).In this modern era, there are only several be cultures that have preserved their traditions despite of the modernization going left and right. That is one sad fact of the invest generation that they have embraced another culture for another. They have let go of their national identity as

Hurricane Katrina Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Hurricane Katrina - Essay ExampleBrinkley consciously limited the allow to the low gear unthinkable week. Beginning on Saturday, August 27, when it first became clear that Katrina was going to strike at once again in the Gulf Coast after roughing up Florida, he traces the warnings, stories, fecklessness, and missed opportunities through the hurricanes five hours f wrath and the breaching f the levees. His account continues until the following Saturday, September 3, when buses finally reached the convention center and the Superdome to evacuate those stranded.By combining his own experiences during the storm and its aftermath-Brinkley returned to the city to help in rescue efforts after evacuating his family to Houston-with hundreds f interviews with citizens, first responders, and government ex officios, Brinkley paints a picture alternately heartbreaking, heartwarming, and enraging.The Great Deluge opens with models f excellent planning and deed by the likes f the Louisiana Soc iety for the Prevention f Cruelty to Animals (which had its 263 sheltered pets safely go to Houston by the evening f August 27), the Entergy Corporation (which shut down its nuclear plant once Katrina became a category 3 storm), and Louisiana parish presidents (who issued mandatory evacuation orders to their residents and efficiently obtained special help for those who needful it).Although stories such as these, along with the valiant efforts f many first responders, are welcome doses f things that went right, The Great Deluge is primarily a story f how so much went wrong. Brinkleys meticulous aggregation f the facts into a detailed chronology and analysis is devastating at times to virtually everyone in an official role-from New Orleanss mayor, Ray Nagin, to Louisianas governor, Kathleen Blanco, to the secretary f the Department f Homeland Security, Michael Chertff, to the Federal Emergency watchfulness Agencys Brownie, to the man who gave him that nickname. And Brinkley pulls no punches Every time the Bush administration and the state f Louisiana hesitated, lawyered-up, and canvas the fine print f Homeland Security procedure, an American died prematurely, he writes.Brinkleys extensive footnotes deepen the finger f reading a cohesive and objective take on a complicated event.As the disaster continues to recede from the forefront f the minds f those who have that luxury and as inevitable resource year finger-pointing provides ever more spin about what happened and why, The Great Deluge could hardly be a more timely, important, and effective antidote-to complacency, to poor leadership, and to the lack f accountability. To borrow a phrase Brinkley, you did a heckuva job.Brinkley criticized the Bush administration for its lack f reaction during the 72 hours immediately following the hurricane, when rescue is static possible. He also criticized elected officials for caring more about what their lawyers had to say about potential lawsuits than bringing tho se in need.Instead, many victims were evacuated by private organizations or citizens like Jimmy. There was the Cajun Navy, a

Gun control policy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Gun control policy - try ExampleThe political sympathies should control the usage of guns license policy for guns should be strictly implemented. Drug addicts, mentally challenged people etc argon the fundamental reasons to control the usage of guns. Gun Control policies The production and licensing of the Guns should be controlled unremarkably governments use to increase the budgets for the purpose of buying weapons and for self-abnegation purpose. The main motive of that policy is to ensure the defense and security of the country. But they are forgetting the main facts, these weapons could be misused by criminals, terrorists etc. For example, we can pull back the situation in United States. A school going kid brings gun to school, and he showed his friends (The Messenger-Gazette 2011). any(prenominal) kids tried to sell the gun inside the school compound. This is the best instance showing us that the guns and parent arms are reaching in the wrong hands. Proper licensing and strict laws should be implemented to foil this danger situation. In countries like Pakistan, there are Gun selling streets and shops anybody can buy guns and separate weapons from those shops with out license. The market is made up of a warren of small barren brick factories where upwards of 1,000 guns are manufactured every day, mostly by hand (Pasternack 2011). All this would lead to dangerous situation and uncertainty. The government should take maximum effort to control the manufacturing and buying of guns.

Environment ethic Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Environment ethic - Research penning ExampleEthics has something meaningful to do with the milieu. It questions worlditys relationship to the environment, its understanding of and responsibility to nature, and its obligations to leave some of natures resources to prosperity (Pojman, 1997). These ethical questions are dealt as environmental ethics, a sub-discipline of philosophical science. Environmental ethics is concerned with the deterrent example relations that hold between humans and the natural world (Taylor, 2011) and the ethical principles lays down the principles which direct human activities, responsibilities and other obligations to the natural around. Should we destroy invasive species? Should we destroy forest lands to build roads and medical centers? Should we abolish wild plants to grow food for humans? These questions give us a good understanding as to what ethics are. To answer each of them appropriately it is essential to have knowledge about ethical theories. Traditionally, intimately ethical aspects were anthropocentric in nature i.e. the value of human beings were of great importance while the quality of other life things as well as nonliving ones were purely instrumental in nature, this makes up the Value theory. However, with the emergence and popularity of environmental ethics, the traditionally anthropocentric perspective has been met with criticism. Questions have been raised about the train of the assumed supremacy of the human race over all other living beings. The sole purpose of environmental ethics, is to provide moral grounds for social policies aimed at protecting the earths environment and remedying environmental degradation (Brennan & Lo, 2008). In spite of being a philosophy sub-discipline, environmental ethics is multi-disciplinary in nature and requires specific knowledge in biology, physics, law, psychology and philosophy. In the 21st century, environmental ethics has cutting perspective that is not human-centr ic at all and is known as Ecologism. Axiology of Environmental Ethics The Axiology approach is excessively known as the Value theory. Philosophers and environmentalists have long argued on the values to be appoint to the components of the biosphere. The axiological perspective comprises of three kinds Anthropocentrism, Sentientism and Ecologism. The come forward faced in the 21st century is the confusion whether or not to assign equal intrinsic values to humans, nonhuman living things and non-living things. The Anthropocentrism perspective puts humans supra all living things as well as non-living things. If there is a pollution problem today, then(prenominal) according to this approach, the problem of pollution will only be identified as an ethical way out if it affects humans in any way. Sentientism approach is based on the measurement of pleasure and pain, but the perspective lacks in the sense that it is obviously not possible to judge the extent of either of the feelings i n non-human living things. According to Ecologism, all living creatures as well as non-living entities such as mountains, rivers, seas etc should be assigned intrinsic value. Thus, the entire biosphere has high intrinsic value. Thus, any action for example destruction of forests is considered an ethical issue because even if the forests are destroyed for human advancement, it affects the habitats of wildlife. The intrinsic values of both humans and wildlife being at par, makes forest

Carl Jung Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Carl Jung - Essay ExampleHere he intentional the discipline of careful and faithful recording of his work and started on his series of experiments, the cry associations, which were to bring him the prototypical ray of fame. (Anthony Daniels, Carl Jung)Word associations experiments in brief constituted of asking the subject to respond with first word that came into subjects mind, in response to a word by Carl Jung. While the subject was responding Carl would record the subjects change in heart beat and respiratory rates as well as changes in skin conductivity (skin conductivity changes along with emotional arousal as this state leads to increase in bodys sweat). Carl would thus be able to monitor and gauge which words would gauge which words would cause the most arousal.His next science was building theory of archetypes and bodied consciousness - this theory was formed of thinking in imagery or undirected thinking and he believed that collective unconscious had many such archetyp ical forms (Anthony Daniels,Jungs idea of condition starts off by laying down the three basic requirements Causes moldiness precede effects, causes and effects must occur concomitantly, the effects from the concerned cause should occur continually and should not be one off. He further builds up and mentions causal events as obeying the natural laws and following the scientific truths while acausal events follow a pattern of instant discontinuity or beyond reason. The synchronism theory bridges this reality gap and aims to accede a more holistic picture of our world. (Lance Storm, Synchronicity, Causality and Acausality.) Jung defines synchronicity as occurrence of two or more events with a meaningful nexus between them and there is no causal link. The meaningful connection constraint is very important as this removes coincidence. For Jung, synchronous event remains so irrespective of credit of concerned event as meaningful (Lance Storm, Synchronicity) and also this event involve s an archetype. Archetype is the connection, however amorphous may it be, that links the two events and enjoins them with a shared theme. Archetype according to Jung is the pivot points or building blocks of the collective unconscious that impinge on and determine behavior patterns.Victor Mansfield says, collective unconscious is according to Jung a neutral entity and further Jung says that synchronicity does not preclude causality and synchronicity is an Carl Jung 3indispensable duplicate to causality. Acausal connections are really no connections, as perceived by our ingrained thinking and commitment to causality. (Victor Mansfield, The Rhine-Jung letters). Jung considers synchronicity as a special minor offshoot of general acausal orderness and par psychological phenomenon should also be considered in this domain. Paraphysicological phenomenon are acausal because there realizable exchange of energy or information which connects the similarities or correlations

Continued Professional Development Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Continued paid Development - Essay ExampleThey easily conform to the changes in the practice and uphold the ethical standards on the whole of which enhance both the safety of the clients thereby improving the quality of the practice (Blegen, Vaughn & Goode, 2011).I do carry with the research findings. Education is vital in nursing which is a holistic yet dynamic practice. Nurses lead to conform to various changes in the practice owing to the change in the prevalence of diseases and the technological victimization in the practice. Nurses without adequate education are always more likely to resist change a feature that would slow down the quality of service delivery. Nurses with baccalaureate degrees are professionals just like the doctors. As such, they may always demand better pay and friendly working environment. The management of the health facilities moldiness acknowledge such and therefore motivate the nurses appropriately. This way, the nurses will provide the best service by conformist to the new technologies. Additionally, such nurses would readily advance their education thereby bettering their service, which in turn resonates in compound safety of the patients thus an improved quality of the

There is no set topic Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 6

There is no set topic - Essay ExampleIn the third stanza the poet explains the fact once more that both the roads did not hold much difference. He ph peerlesss that he allow come back to walk on the other road some other time. But despite of this he is aware of the fact that it will not be possible for him to come back again and choose the other road. In the nett stanza of the poem, icing the puck explains that after years he will actually be sharing his experience with others and severalize them that he had an option of choosing one of the two paths in the woods. He will share the reason for his choice.The pass Not Taken by Robert Frost has a deep message to convey and is not fair(a) simply about the woods and choice of the path that he takes. The poem explains the occurrence that happens in the vitality of every individual. It presents the occasion of choice that comes in the bread and butter of a person. In the life of a person, in that location are many instances when one has to choose between many different options and a person has to think before taking a decision. This happens many times and is a common occurrence in the life of almost every individual. The choice pertains to many important matters. This importance of choice is signified by Frosts confusion before choosing for one of the paths in the wood and he analyzes both of them before opting for one of them. Also it explains the fact that it is very difficult for a person to come back to the same fleck in his life and begin again because every decision that a person takes initiates a cascade down of events which needs the person to take further decisions. Hence it is impossible to actually move back again and start from the scratch. The poem also presents a very important aspect of human nature which is dissatisfaction. A human being is never satisfied with what he gets and what he opts for. He usually keeps on thinking that if he had chosen the second option, he might have been in a better placement and this ambiguity is seen in Frosts poem when he also

Nature of Conflict Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Nature of Conflict - Essay shellThis makes the employees enter into hitch with the management or higher officials. They may go on strikes or do other sorts of protests. Major strifes occur when, for drill, employees experience gender discrimination, work overload, forced overtime, short deadlines, and no opportunities for promotion, issue or compensation. These factors reduce job security and the employees suffer from work related stress. Other major causes may include dissatisfactory wages and salaries, and poor communication between the management and employees due to which the latter olfactory sensation that their problems are not being considered. Also, when employees feel that they are not being able to participate in the decision-making process, they may acquire conflicting views about the project at hand. All of these conflicts may get skilful enough to be requiring a mediation plan for resolution. No matter the conflict is small or big, the management should make serio us efforts to resolve it as soon as likely so that employees do not lose their morale (Wilmot & Hocker, 2011). Negotiation or Mediation Negotiation is necessary to solve conflicts. Sometimes, this dialogue is d adept through mediation. We define mediation as a process in which a trey party intervention is sought for reconciliation between individuals or groups. The purpose of negotiation is to make possible the re-establishment of mutual tolerance between the parties involved. However, negotiation itself depends upon the friendly signals shown by the opponents leading to friendly re-union and cooperative bonding. Strasser and Randolph (2004, p.22) subscribe that mediators should accept conflict as an inescapable facet of human existence, with the possible consequence of reconciliation. Negotiators and mediators should understand that conflict cannot be eliminated entirely. If negotiators start thinking that they testament be able to eradicate conflict completely, then this inf ormation will be a barrier to an effective implementation of the Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) process. It will also make the negotiators forceful and aggressive toward resolution. Thus, the negotiators need to adjust their behaviors and attitudes so that they can efficiently position conflict management techniques. Personal Experience This section of the paper describes my own case as an example of workplace conflict and negotiation process. I worked as an internee in a company in my city. As I stated, most conflicts occur due to unfair treatment or policy changes from the management side, this hazard also involves a conflict between the manager and I. It was about the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 (ADA). For readers information, the major responsibility of the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 is to make accommodations for disable employees, under the title I of the Act. ADA makes sure that the disabled employees do not have to face discrimination by thei r seniors or co-workers when they are at the workplace. In order to get protection by ADA, the individual must have a disability which is defined by the Act as a physical or mental impairment that substantially limits one or more major life activities (U.S. Department of Justice, 2005). All persons who have in their medical register that they have been or are going through such a disability, or people dig him as

Blood wedding (after seeing the play) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

dividing line wedding (after seeing the play) - Essay Exampledesires, the moons movements, in contrast is rather expressage and passive, and it makes the bride seem to represent the woman who finally refuses to be oppressed by a traditional marriage, duration the moon seems to represent a woman who is stuck in the usual suppressed life dictated by the traditional norms of a typical wife.This essay will attempt to elaborate upon this contrast in these two characters and how these were exemplified through the spatial dynamics.First, from the contrast in the extent of movement around the submit, the bride seems to represent a liberal woman who pursues what she wants, while the moon is still a suppressed woman. The brides movement around the stage seems to be free, fast and strong. Specifically, her blank from the bridegroom and Leonardo are contrasted intentionally. In the beginning of the play, the bride tries to accept her draw marrying the bridegroom and tries to be away from Leonardo. However, as the play proceeds, the bride desires to follow her oculus start dominating and she chooses Leonardo. The rural area of the brides mind was strongly reflected in the differet distances she maintains from the two men in her life. Whenever she tries to keep away from either of the men, she quickly runs away as the man approaches and even aggressively shakes off their physical contact and keeps distance at times. For instance, in the beginning of the wedding the bride tries to control her true desire and thus maintains a meaningful distance from Leonardo but although her true feelins are revealed in the glances she throws at him as well as often spaced out thinking of him throughout wedding. Eventually, by the end of her wedding reception, she chooses to follow her heart and runs away with Leonardo.In contrast to the Brides dynamism, the moon, which appears in the woods scene has very static and limited proboscis movement and further, uses only so much of the stage-space. The fact that the role of the Moon is played by the analogous actor who

Chapter 13 case study Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Chapter 13 case study - Essay Example in that location are various suggestions and ideas that may be provided by different persons, who support such media technologies. One of these suggestions is the cosmos of awareness on the existing of the new technology. The other is re-branding of the box materials used by Hanks i.e. use of packaging materials that indicate the use of these new PDAs and the technology used by customers. These ideas can be combined owing to the fact they are basically meant to facilitate the incorporation of the new modes of operation into Hanks Greenery system.Hanks anticipation of the associated advantages of using the technology is realistic. The use of Information Systems in any tune is usually associated with various benefits i.e. improved communication among employees as well as improved customer avail provision. These are realistic advantages however, there are usually certain disadvantages that may be experienced with the execution of instrument of n ew operational systems in any organization. Research indicates that such systems may take time in the beginning they are completely adopted in the operational system of any

Strategic management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 11000 words

Strategic management - Essay ExampleThe incorporated refining of an organization is revealed in its client satisfaction, office even offup, business hours, employee benefits, dress code, hiring decisions, turnover, treatment of clients, etc. According to Edgar Schein, the organisational husbandry is viewed as the simple beliefs and assumptions that function unconsciously and shared by members of a company (Johnson, Whittington, Scholes, Angwin and Renger, 2013, p.147). The corporate acculturation has signifi so-and-sot influence on the alteration and development of organizational strategies. Schultz and Ravasi stated that corporate culture is a set of collective assumptions that outlines proper behaviour for numerous conditions to guide what is happening within the organizations. The four-spot different layers of organizational culture proposed by Edgar Schein are values, beliefs, behaviours and paradigm (Johnson, Whittington, Scholes, Angwin and Renger, 2013, p.152). The corp orate culture feces touch on the manner in which groups and people interact with stakeholders, with clients and with each other. A healthy corporate culture can help to improve the performance of an organization. Furthermore, it can benefit positive reputation, high employee retention and increased productivity. The organizational cultures include government, non-profit, public and private organizations. The company with positive corporate culture can make employees to learn positive attitude and high morale. It is critical for organization to develop implicit rules, clear understandings and core set of assumptions that can be effectively incorporate in the workplace environment. An effective corporate culture can help to lessen human resources costs and retain valuable employees of the organization. Moreover, it is believed that company with healthy corporate culture can increase profits, improve financial health, improve morale and increase productivity.The sustainability of co rporate culture and cogitate on building is one of the primary

Statement of objectives Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

bid of objectives - Essay ExampleBy January 2010, I would be fully conferred for the Masters degree with soaking up in Electronic Business. In addition, I will be credited with 3 Advanced Certificates in Management from the same university, to wit Advanced Certificate in Information Management, Advanced Certificate in Telecommunication Management, and Advanced Certificate in Human Resource. Equipped with these academic achievements, I am prepared to undertake greater challenges in higher education.My ultimate goal is to be an instrument of change to my sphere once I completed the PhD Program in Community Economic Development (CED). The Southern rising Hampshire University is the most prestigious institution which can accord a multi disciplinary approach to the program. I am optimistic in learning various CED issues affecting not only the local and national level, further more so, their impact and influence on international levels. I would like to be given the chance to share t he theoretical and practical applications of CED in Saudi Arabia, which unselfishly provided me with 100% scholarship through the ability Abdullah Graduate Studies Scholarship Program.I am aware that CED is a multi functional process of comprehensively merged strategies which enable people to develop corporations and business ventures for the betterment of communities. I plan to utilize the skills and theoretical primer developed in my conquers degree to formulate policies which would facilitate and improve the application of electronic business initially in the local communities and later, on a national scale. As I delved into the intricacies of the theories, concepts and applications of e-business, I realized that I am extremely interested in pursuing higher education in a field of endeavor closely related to this. The courses that I took in my bachelors and masters degree equipped me with the necessary skills and

Kant and Mill Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Kant and molar - Essay ExampleFor instance, the gifts of nature such as talents of the mind, include understanding, wit and judgment, as well as qualities of temperament, such as courage, resolution and perseverance are well-grounded and enviable for many purposes however, Kant insists that their goodness is conditional for such things may be extremely evil and calumniatory without a good will (Baxley 8).Mill believes that something is right if it produces the greatest good for the greatest number (Driver 3). Simply, Mill promoted the general good, that is, tenets and social policy should always endeavor to contribute for the good of the society (MacKinnon 32). Mill believes that the chastely best alternative is that which produces the greatest utility, where utility is described in terms of happiness or entertainment moreover, Mill encourages individuals to do which produces the greatest form of happiness or pleasure for the greatest number of volume (McKinnon 32). Mill stre ssed that something good is anything that is desirable hence, the individual can only find out what is desirable by attempting to discover what is essentially desired but with this he aims for the higher pleasures in life (Driver 51).neither Kant nor Mill thought that people usually self-consciously apply the criterion of right action by asking themselves the driving force of why they are doing something good (Jacobs 93). Moreover, they both acclaimed that individuals tend to act on the basis of dispositions to judge and appreciate situations in certain sorts of ways, and in that respect, they both established a utilization for the virtues (Jacobs 93). Kant and Mill both wrote about the significance of virtues still, in their views of morality, what makes for a good quality is the fact that the cistron acts in accordance with the basic principle (Jacobs 93). Jacobs highlighted that in both Kants and Mills

Almost One of the Gods. The Odyssey, by Homer Essay Example for Free

Almost One of the Gods. The Odyssey, by Homer EssayAn heroical hero is one who does not act irrationally and contemplates his actions and their implications. Odysseus, of Homers The Odyssey, is an appropriate epic hero because he embodies the values of bravery, intelligence, astuteness, and competency. Numerous examples are rear throughout The Odyssey. Such illustrations include Odysseus conflict with the Cyclops, the Sirens, and Scylla and Charybdis.First, Odysseus proves that he is a mortal laudable of existence dubbed an epic hero during his conflict with the Cyclops. Odysseus shows evidence of his intellectual abilities by first devising a plan to hamper the Cyclops and then by cleverly telling the Cyclops that his name is Noman. Odysseus exemplifies his physical strength by putting his plan into action and ramming a monstrous spear into the Cyclops eye. Later, when the Cyclops calls for help, he says that Noman is doing pervert to him.Another event in which Odysseus di splays his physical and intellectual abilities is during his passing of the Sirens. Odysseus shows that he has wisdom by earreach to the goddess Circes advice and putting wax into his crews ears so they will not take notice of the Sirens and try to swim crossways the ocean to them. He also has his crew lash him to the mast so he can listen to the Sirens without being able to jump out of the boat. This incident also tells of Odysseus physical force because when he attempts to free himself from the mast the crewmen beget to fasten him down even tighter.Finally, Odysseus confirms his great intellectual aptitudes by getting past Scylla and Charybdis. Odysseus, following Circes instructions, avoids Charybdis, and chooses the side of meat of the six-headed monster, Scylla. Odysseus recognizes that the six-headed beast is too large for him to mle with and rows very swiftly, successfully surpassing it.In conclusion, Odysseus is a perfect example of an epic hero. Odysseus has all of the traits of an epic hero. He has verified these qualities in many a(prenominal) intricate situations in which he always gets out of and is always prepared for.

Human Impacts on Climate Essay Example for Free

Human Impacts on Climate EssayAl Gores documentary An awkward Truth is not only informative merely an eye opener especially for those living in the linked States. Today global warming is not an obscure phenomenon but a reality that is universe faced by e really hotshot from Africa to Australia. Mankinds actions atomic number 18 now more than ever before are changing the climate of Earth. These actions lead to effects which combine with the natural occurrences which have been taking place in history.In addition evidence from scientific research shows that natural impacts alone cannot be blamed for the outgrowth in the global surface temperatures recorded in the past century. Mans effect on Earths climate has several consequences like Escalating concentration of green house gases in the air Air pollution Concentration of airborne particles Changes in land geology The major problem is the increase of cytosine dioxide in the atmosphere cannot be compared historically as the levels today are practically higher accordingly ever before, the exception being when earth was hit by a meteorite etc.the changes and the increase in century dioxide have been witnessed since the modernization and industrialization which began in the 1700s however the worst impact has been since fogey fuels were used excessively from the beginning of 1900 and this also led to change in the use of land. (American Geophysical Union) Al Gore, through statistics shows that there is a direct relationship amid the rising concentration of carbon dioxide in the air and the increase in climatic temperatures.Historically the first impact of the human presence on Earths geographical and biological systems occurred some 8,000 years ago, when individuals began to systematically cultivate land for agrarian purposes. However the initial impact was not as severe or drastic as the one which occurred in the 1700s. The industrial revolution has been supported and encouraged by the values wh ich have led to glorifying outgo and economic development. (American Geophysical Union)It is a fact that this artificial satellite is heating up because of the human society and the greenhouse gases produced. According to the both The National Academy of Sciences and the United Nation have come to the conclusion that there is a relationship between human actions and the temperature increases. (Clark 1013) According a joint statement by G8 in addition to China, India and Brazil, that stated that scientific evidence was quite remarkable and there was no way for the nations but to take actions to stop this destruction. (Clark 1013)The reality is that if people keep on emitting greenhouse gases at this rate, atmospheric temperatures pull up stakes keep on increasing, and the effect will be felt for generations in future. According to even inflexible actions like Kyoto Protocol may be able to control the increasing carbon dioxide after a centaury at the minimum. According to Clark ( 1013) Research on ice cores by Fedorov et al. (2005) detailing the relationship between carbon dioxide and temperature going back more then 400, 000 years has displayed that there is a strong correlation between carbon dioxide and temperatures.Studies show that historically there was never a time when there was so much carbon dioxide as now in addition the increase in carbon dioxide concentration has increase most rapidly in the past hundred years or so. (Clark 1014) In a intelligence activity report on National Geographic in February, The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) very assertively linked the mans actions being responsible for the global warming and other climatic changes like increase in sea levels, storms and changing weather patterns.The report quotes Achim Steiner, executive director of the United Nations Environment Program, comment that Fossil fuel use, agriculture, and land-use change are fundamentally affecting the systems on our planet (Roach) What A l Gore has done is just point out the facts in a simple vogue through his documentary so that general s can understand what is happening and do something about this very significant problem.Works CitedHuman Impacts on Climate. American Geophysical Union. Adopted by Council December, 2003. AGU set down 03-35. Retrieved May 1 2007

Why Chinese Mothers Are Superior Essay Example for Free

why Chinese Mothers Are Superior EssayIn the article, Why Chinese mothers are Superior, Chua describes her efforts to give her minorren what she describes as a traditional, grim Chinese upbringing. This piece was controversial. Many readers missed the supposed irony and self-deprecating caprice in the title and the piece itself and instead believed that Chua was advocating the superiority of a particular, very strict, ethnically defined ascend to parenting. In fact Chua has stated that the book was non a how-to manual notwithstanding a self-mocking memoir. In any case, Chua defines Chinese mother generally to include parents of other ethnicities who practice traditional, strict child-rearing, while in any case acknowledging that Western parents come in all varieties, and not all ethnically Chinese parents practice strict child-rearing. Chua also reported that in one study of 48 Chinese immigrant mothers, the vast majority tell that they believe their children can be the best students, that academic achievement reflects successful parenting, and that if children did not excel at school then there was a problem and parents were not doing their job. Chua contrasts them with the view she labels Western that a childs self-esteem is paramount Amy makes it clear that the Asian kids are not born smart (For the closely part, at least) It is hard work and training from the parents that shapes the children into these wonder kids. To prove her point she lists up a crook of things that her daughter were never allowed to do, such as * Have a play date * Watch goggle box or play computer games * Attend a school play * Complain about not in a school play And so on..Prohibitions that seems totally unreasonable for us westerns, as she loosely has named us. Throughout the text she covers several perspectives on parenting, which of a few I surprisingly agree on. close of her viewpoints I deeply disagree with though and is far from my idea about proper parenting. Each magazine she lists up one of her perspectives, she compares the Chinese perspective with the Western perspective. She does this in a very subjective musical mode I think. She is very clever rhetorically.At some parts of the text, I actually caught my self creation very close to getting dragged towards her side. I found it quite amusing to feel the power of pathos, but at the same time a bit daunting. According to Amy, the main difference between Chinese parents and Western parents is the way they see their children. Western parents believe that respecting their childrens choices, their individuality and always encouraging them to charter their true passions is the way. In contrast, Chinese parents believe that preparing their children for the future, and..

The Middle Ages Essay Example for Free

The Middle Ages EssayThe Middle Ages are a layover of European history from around 476 A.D. to 1453 A.D. when society and culture declined. The middle Ages is believed to be started from the collapse of the occidental Roman Empire and was force outed by the start of the European Renaissance. There are several pick out factors that led to the end of The Middle Ages other(a) than the start of the Renaissance. The Black Plague and The Crusades undeniably led to the end of the Middle Ages because of the decrease of population from The Black Plague and the increase of foreign goods and disdain from The Crusades among umteen other reasons. The Bubonic Plague, Black Plague, and Black Death are names for a deadly disease that killed amid 75 and 200 million people in Europe. This Disease started and was carried by flees in rats on trade ships. The fleas would be transferred onto the ships cargo, which would in turn contaminate all customers. The disease was easily contagious and b asically if you were in contact with any iodine who had this disease in their system, you would be dead very soon . As a solving of being extremely contagious it was spread very quickly and killed many people. Even though millions died, there is a silver lining. Those who survived the plague were able to move up in the European feudalistic mixer circle. Peasants were able to gain more powerful positions and in turn make more money. This scenario occurred in many other peoples lives and helped end The Middle Ages.The Crusades were a series of wars taking place in Asia Minor between 1095 and 1291. Pope Urban II was the first person that expressed a need for The Crusades at the Council of Clermont where he said we should invade the holy set down and persecute the inhabitants who have taken over the beloved land of Jesus Christ. This was incorrect because most of the inhabitants ancestors of Jerusalem had always been there and this was their homeland. The Crusaders did not seize Jer usalem for commodious which is why The Crusades are often called historys greatest failure. The crusaders brutally murdered Jews and Muslims living in this area who had make nothing wrong.Mostcrusaders were French peasants or serfs who wanted to escape the feudalistic social circle. If you went on The Crusades you became overflowing and made money. Even though The Crusades were not boffo in the sense they didnt seize their homeland, it was still successful because the crusaders brought back many new things. These products were brought back to Europe and people tried to make them there which helped start out the economy in Europe. For example, soap was never used in Europe until the crusaders brought it back from the holy land. This was one of the many important things that were brought back from the holy land, which drastically helped end The Middle Ages.The Middle Ages were a 977-year period where civilization declined instead of rising. The Black Plague and Crusades helped en d the Middle Ages even if they were both devastating in their own way and killed a lot of people. It is up to opinion if these two events were beneficial overall because of most of the extremely destructive results that took place however, they definitely helped end The Middle Ages.

Key Account Team (KAT) Essay Example for Free

Key Account Team ( computerized tomography) EssayAs a result of the recent nuclear meltdown in mortgage-backed securities market, CBs multifariousnessd its internal processes so as to react competitively and increase its market share. 2 key changes occurred the creation of a Key Account Team (KAT) and the restructuring of the division-wide performance management system, which would help take care a salespersons annual compensation. Although there are some disadvantages to the new system, Winston should recommend the KAT concept to other regional managers. The new system not only helps managers have a comprehensive understanding of its salespeoples performance, it also helps the company to allocated appropriate resources to m sensationy-making accounts. Because the taxable securities group represented 60% of summarise sales in the office, CBs created KAT, a group of 5 highly specialized salespeople, to fulfill the bespeak for more product expertise in higher margin segment s.The advantage of having KAT was that customers now had salespeople who offered in-depth, good advice on specific issues. Furthermore, Kat along with the new evaluation system increased the frequency of communication between the New York and Boston offices. Lastly, the new structure allowed the best salesperson to be focused on the product needing the most help. On the other hand, others argued that this change made it more complicated to make large, multiproduct trades because more people needed to be involved. Another con was that salespeople felt too specialized, thus, limiting their career prospects. Nevertheless, the change had generated higher profit per dollar of sales in the Boston Office.Additionally, with the new compensation system, commissions were driven by sales volumes in areas of specialization and not from demand in within the client base. This meant that there was an make up higher possibility for salespeople to generate more income. Thus, specialized salespeop le were compensated for this so called limitation, meaning that their inclination to choke the firm could be swayed. Although there are some disadvantages to becoming more specialized, CB has to accommodate its clients and their needs in order to be competitive. Therefore, Winston should recommend its new structure to other regional managers because itll make the company the one stop for companies looking for specialization in riskier segments.

Great Depression and Person Adolf Hitler Essay Example for Free

Great Depression and Person Adolf Hitler EssayIf you want to shine like lie first you have to burn like it. The words were rightly said by mankinds greatest mind and most despised person Adolf Hitler. Many Historians wonder how such a commonplace, comical-looking record could have become the object of mass hysterical adulation. Many see Hitler as a goddamn adventurer, motivated solely by envy for personal power he was misunderstood for his mental capabilities. He was not interested in grappling serious, wit profound intellectual problems. Instead, he portrayed himself as a great simplifier who could solve problems and reduce them to elementary slogans and solutions. His success in pulling Germany out of the stamp and virtually eliminating unemployment reinforced this view of himself as a great simplifier.This taught me that no matter how big or complex a problem is a trick is all u need to generate it unsophisticated enough even for the dull to understand. Hitler precise ly said Do not comp atomic number 18 yourself to others. If you do so, you are insulting yourself. Because of competition among the major ball powers, he felt under confident but in that locationfore because of sturdy will he was able to overpower them all. Many a times when I shade under confident, just because I am compared to the better people out there, I remember this and acquire right back on the track. For the first few months He took to the stage, he appeared nervous and spoke haltingly. belatedly he would begin to relax and his style of delivery would change. He would start to rock from perspective to side and begin to gesticulate with his hands. His voice would get louder and become more passionate.He ranted and raved about the injustices done to Germany and contend on his audiences emotions of hatred and envy. By the end of the speech the audience would be in a produce of near hysteria and were willing to do whatever Hitler suggested. This gave me the optimism to interact to people of higher status and statement level. Speaking in front of huge crowds and in formal organizations is surely nerve-wrecking. But if a man of his altitude can be nervous so why cant I. Slowly and little by little I gained more confidence. He possessed an unusually retentive memory much like that of an elephant. So he could remember his faults and not repeat it ever again.From this I got encouraged to remember and learn from my mistakes. He saw everything in terms of extremes opposites. People were either his followers or his enemies. War for Germany meant either world power or defeat. My perspective to this was weather give in your 100% or dont try it. Adolf Hitler was not a power hungry psychopath rather a patriot who was dogged and devoted to work for the country. The man was plainly a nationalist. Just his methods for vengeance were vicious.There are immeasurable examples wherein Hitler used his extraordinary power as dictator to push both evil and good pol icies such as providing cars and radios, making highways making laws for animal integrity. Again, its important to keep in mind the yin yang concept, when attempting to make sense of such information concerning a person and his achievements. I would like to end with another of Hitlers saying It is not truth that matters, but victory. Because if you win, you need not have to explain..If you lose, you should not be there to explain.

Evading Intrusion Detection Systems Essay Example for Free

Evading Intrusion Detection Systems EssayAs selective information technology advances its demand and reliance has increase has increased resulting in numerous growths in increase and usage of web site. This technology has resulted to be very beneficial to organizational and institutional prosperity for pattern world of business has benefited a lot from the so called e-commerce. These benefits have on the otherwise hand attracted using of the web site supporting them. Growth in occurrence of exploitation of data sites which handle life-or-death organizational information have resulted to a major disquiet over their security and management of risks associated. This concern has resulted to usage of prevention system such as Web Application Firewall, misdemeanor prevention systems and intrusion detection systems (Vittie, 2007 pp. 1). Intrusions detection systems are protective systems which detect identify and isolate exploitation of calculating machine systems. match to Ne wsham 1998, intrusion detection is a vital fixings of computer systems security system which complements other tribute machineries.By providing information to site administration, ID allows not only for the detection of attacks explicitly addressed by other security components (such as firewalls and services wrappers) but also attempts to provide notification of new attacks unforeseen by other components (Newsham, 1998 para. 3). They are also very important as they provide organization with forensic information enabling detection of origination of attacks. This can help in following of assaulters and make the answerable for their vicious actions. Working of Intrusion Detective Systems (IDS) is geared toward monitoring network of any attackers.In this operation it is hindered by network skilled attackers who are working day and night to be able to counter these systems and persist in with their malicious damages. Exploitation in this case can continue in case where IDS may be sh ort of complete scrutiny for the all of behavior perpetuated by a certain protocol. A dangerous example to this is a case where attacker of IDS that is unable to reassemble Internet communications protocol (IP) fragment through with(predicate) fence transmission of attack traffic in fragments rather than complete IP datagrams (Kreibich, 2001).Internet protocol end systems are assumed to conduct fragment reassembly and incase of this scenario, the attacker may extend to intended mission without being noticed by IDS since it may be unable to reconstruct full(a) datagrams. Evading Intrusion Detection Systems using fragmentation and exquisite packet technique can be verbalize to be an equivocation technique designed to confuse detection by IDS. Operations of fragment and small packet are based on ensuring attack payload splits into numerous small packets make IDS to gather up the packet steam so as to identify the attack.This is possible through fragmenting the small packets but making of packets with minute payload can as well function. Although the small packet may a not evade any IDS which looks like packet steams, they can be designed to confuse reassembly as well as detection. Following deployment of IDS in 90s evasion, discovery of evasion followed. Evasion this time was segmenting a trace into multiple packets, sometimes delaying second part of signature to trigger a network IDS time-out (Gorton relay station, n. d. pp 2). Since 1997, several(prenominal) way of evading IDS which largely depended on using UNIX command shell potentialities.Later, hackers were able to use shell evasion design for example mimicking ROT-13 encryption using the TR command (Gorton Champion, n. d. pp 2). Overlapping fragments has also been in use in that numerous packets with Internet Protocol or Transmission Control Protocol change to overlap. Protocol infraction uses similar technique as overlapping fragment in attempt to evade IDS through deliberate violation o f Internet Protocol. Other evading Intrusion Detection Systems are Denial of Service and Inserting Traffic at the Intrusion Detection Systems.The inserted traffics are modified packet which are identified by IDS by computer may not detects becoming the main target. While Denial Service is a system modified to evade detection through overpowering Intrusion Detection System. This is possible through exploiting attacking element by use of large codification. In 1999, Ptacek and Newsham demonstrated that commercial Intrusion detection systems had fundamentals flaws at handling the IP and TCP protocols which allowed attacker to trick them into incorrectly reconstructing sessions containing an attack (Gorton Champion, n. d. pp 4).These two exploreers in this region identified that several ways which IDS could not be able to detect invasion through being tricked and lack to attack invasion capable to detect. This was followed by development of programs by Dug Song channelize by techniq ues explained by Ptacek and Newsham. This program is called fragrouter and later developed to fragroute. Attack of server through Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP), there are fewer possibility for application evasion than in shell version. If the signature is flawed, an attacker can alter non-essential parts of the attack and avoid the signature, (Gorton Champion, n.d. pp 4). To counter this inefficiency other forms of IDS were developed these are Mendax and bewhisker written by Kangs and Puppy respectively. In conclusion, evading Intrusion Detective System is still an combat-ready field. As ways to counter their malicious behaviors are developed hackers are busy advancing their attacks. This office future and survival of IDS in protecting web site is dependent to continued research in this field.ReferenceVittie, Lori Mac (2007) XSS EvasionTrying to hide in the all-concealing torchlight Retrieved on 12th December 2008 from http//www. f5. com/pdf/white-papers/xss-evasion-wp. pdf Newsham timothy N. (1998) Insertion, Evasion, and Denial of Service Eluding net profit Intrusion Detection. Retrieved on 12th December 2008 from http//insecure. org/stf/secnet_ids/secnet_ids. html. Kreibich, Christian (2001) Network Intrusion Detection Evasion, Traffic Normalization, and End-to-End Protocol Semantics. Retrieved on 12th December 2008 from http//www. icir. org/vern/papers/norm-usenix-sec-01. pdf Gorton A. Samuel Champion Terrence G. (n. d) Combining Evasion Techniques to Avoid Network Intrusion Detection Systems. Retrieved on 12th December 2008 from http//www. skaion. com/research/tgc-rsd-raid. pdf

Discipline and Improve Students Behaviour in Classroom Education Essay Example for Free

Discipline and Improve Students Behaviour in classroom Education EssayThe problem of how beaver to crystallise and improve bookmans doings in naturalizeroom is of permanent interest. This review is oriented to searching different methodologies concerning students behaviour in schoolrooms, teachers enlighten strategies and behavioural counseling. varied points of view and different examples for appropriate behaviour impart been discussed referring to the field. The sources reviewed present different solutions. This paper examines also the patternroom environment and its relation to successful behaviour implementation.The first paragraphs circulate different definitions conversant with behaviour and watch according to the authors view. The continuation of the literature review is presented by different approaches and strategies concerning a good behavioural management. This intricacy sets out any(prenominal) of the arguments and recommendations which atomic numb er 18 discussed in more detail. Charles C. M. submits several definitions corresponding to behaviour Behaviour refers to everything that heap do. misbehavior is behaviour that is non appropriate to the setting or situation in which it occurs.Discipline are strategies, procedures, and structures that teachers enforce to support a irrefutable learning environment. Behaviour management is a science that puts an try on what teachers ware to do to prevent misbehaviour (Charles 1). Students behaviour depends on several factors such as traditions, demographic settings, economic resources, family, experiences, and more. Some authors have made important contributions in managing classroom discipline related to the twentieth century.Jacob Kounin (1971), one of them, reports that appropriate student behaviour peck be maintained through classroom organization, lesson management, and approach to case-by-case students. Rudolf Dreikurs (1972) on the other hand emphasizes the desire to be long as a special need of students in school. He identifies types of misbehaviour and gives ideas about how to make students feel a part of the class or group (p. 63). William Glasser (1986) shows another view, making a case that the behaviour of someone else ground reckonnot be promiseled. He reckons that everybody can only control his own behaviour.Personally I support this idea that we must control ourselves. According to the opinion of the other authors, Linda Alberts, Barbara Colorosos, Nelson and Lotts a good discipline in the classroom can be achieved through Belonging, Cooperation, and Self-Control. A similar idea of classroom management is also presented by Rackel C. F who declares that the teachers, considered it was necessary, to develop students sense of belonging to the school (p. 1071) The author supports the opinion of the significance of a good school climate and tells that it might be precondition for facilitating positive youth development (Rackel C.F 1071). In target to attain to a good classroom atmosphere there is a need of growing positive relationship among students and teachers, motivation the students participation and clear rules to control classroom discipline (Rackel C. F 1072). In addition these above-mentioned views can be defined as a positive outlook as regards to improving the classroom management. Another point of view inside the subject of managing discipline is through alive(p) student engagement and through pragmatic Classroom management (Charles, C. M. 2007, p. 7).Discipline through raising student responsibility is also positively oriented approach for classroom management. The three principles that improve behaviour presented in the article Self-assessment of understanding are positivity, choice, and reflection (Charles, C. M. 12). There the author explains the principles meaning. He states that being positive mean being a motivator. When students have opportunity to share their choices they can present themselve s with a good behaviour. enquire students questions that encourage them to reflect on their behaviour can help them to change behaviour (Charles 14).Rebecca Giallo and Emma Little (2003, p. 22) from RMIT University Australia give their comments also on classroom behaviour management. They claim that confidence is one of the most important indication that influence teachers effectiveness in classroom management. Giallo and Little (2003, 22) based on the previous statement of Evans Tribble coincide that less confident teachers seem more vulnerable to focusful classrooms. They maintain the theory that the classroom hear is a reason for giving up a teachers career. In school the stress can be overcome through involving of drastic measures concerning managing a good discipline.One of the most common strategy for solving behaviour problems is punishment. By reason of the popularity of the subject in the field of education, many experts have written articles and books as well as giv en lectures on discipline and punishment. Anne Catey based on Dreikurs words considers that there is no need of using punishment in class. Based on Cateys words kids need to have a chance they can share their ideas in the class (1). This is the best way to smooth, productive functioning in schools (Charles, C. M, 1999).Anne Catey from Cumberland High School gets an interview from several teachers in Illinois partition about their discipline practices. She accepts the suggestion given by Lawrence as mentioning that, very effective technique is a brief conference, either in the hallway or after class, with the misbehaving student (Punishment, 1). Anne Catey has her own techniques for classroom management. She dis chequers with Lawrence backwash about humour as one of the bad strategies for effective discipline and believes that using of humour can be effective if done without abasing the students (Punishment, 1).In this way she gives each one a bit of respective(prenominal) attenti on. When some of her students are a bit distracted on one task, talking to friends instead of education material Catey says, Since I always assume the best of my students, I assume the noise I hear is students reading aloud or discussing their novels. However, its time to read silently now instead of reading aloud (Punishment, 1). This sounds as a good strategy but personally I disclaim this thesis. This doesnt thrash all the time. I am trying to be strict with my students and according to this the pupils have to observe the rules in my classes.That doesnt mean that I admit the severe punishment but rarely the stern warnings. I agree with the following techniques employ by Anne Catey (2001) to modify behaviour including giving zeroes for incomplete, inappropriate, and/or missing work and taking points off at the end of a quarter for lack of participation and/or brusque listening. As expected, these methods are effective for some of the pupils but not for the others. Related to the above-mentioned topic it could be noticed some of the classroom discipline strategies utilized in Australia, China and Israel.On the initiation of elaborated research in these countries some psychologists and school principals (Xing Qui, Shlomo Romi, 2005) conclude that Chinese teachers appear less penal and aggressive than do those in Israel or Australia. Australian classrooms are presented as having least discussion and intuition and most punishment. In Australia (Lewis, 2005) as concerned to the study the teachers are characterized by two distinct discipline styles. The first of these is called Coercive discipline and comprises punishment and aggression (yelling in anger, sarcasm group punishments, tc).The second style, comprising discussion, hints, recognition, involvement and Punishment, is called Relationship based discipline (Lewis 7). Coercive discipline according to the above-mentioned authors means the teachers behaviour is such as shouting all the time, unfairly b laming students, picking on kids, and being rude, to hit student resistance and subsequent misbehaviour (Lewis, Ramon 2). The importance of classroom discipline arises not only from students behaviour and learning as outlined above.It depends also on the role of the teacher. Sometimes it is obvious that teachers are not be able to manage students classroom discipline and it can result in stress. So,classroom discipline is a cohesion of teacher stress (Lewis 3). Chan (1998), reports on the stressors of over 400 teachers in Hong Kong, claims that student behaviour management rates as the second most significant factor stressing teachers. In the article Teachers Classroom discipline several strategies have been presented for improving classroom management.They are Punishing (move students seats, detention), Rewarding (rewards, praises), Involvement in decision-making (decides with the class what should happen to students who misbehave), Hinting, Discussion and Aggression. Another stra tegy for improving discipline in class is conducting questionnaires between the students. It is an appropriate approach for defining students opinion about behaviour problems. In each Chinese and Israeli school a random sample of classes at all year levels have been selected.As a research assistant administered questionnaires to these classes their teachers completed their questionnaires (Yakov J. Katz 7). In comparison to all of the mentioned countries the model in China is a little different in that students support use of all strategies except Aggression and Punishment. Based on the conducted research the only strategy to range within a country by more than 2 ranks is Punishment, which ranks as the most common strategy in Australia, and the fourth and fifth most commonly used strategy in Israel and China. The author, Xing Qui generalises that, there is not more Punishment at the level 7-12.Classroom discipline techniques showed that students in China, compared to those in Austral ia or Israel, report less usage of Punishment and Aggression and greater use of Discussion and the other positive strategies. At the end of their article Teachers classroom discipline and Student Misbehaviour in Australia, China and Israel (p. 14) the authors recommend that teachers need to work harder to gain quality relationships with difficult students. What I have drawn from reviewing literature so far is that teachers are able to use different techniques for enhancing classroom management in their profession.After making a thorough survey on the above-mentioned issue I would like calmly to express my position. It is harder for the teacher to keep the student focused on any frontlet instruction. Thats why as with all classroom management practices, the teachers should adapt what they like to their classroom, taking into regard the age, ethnicity, and personality of the class as a group, and of them as teachers. Much of the disruptive behaviour in the classroom can be alleviated before they become serious discipline problems. Such behaviours can be reduced by the teachers ability to employ effective organizational practices.These skills are individual for each teacher. The lecturer should become familiar with school policies concerning acceptable student behaviour and disciplinary procedures. Establishing rules to perish the behaviour of students is also important. Once these standards are set up the teachers have to stick to them. I agree with the authors who prefer involving the positive approach in behaviour management. But I also accept that some situations are more complicated than the others and in this case the teachers must take drastic measures against inappropriate students behaviour.

The Things They Carried Essay Example for Free

The Things They Carried EssayIn the short essay The Things They Carried the setting takes place during the Vietnam War. First lieutenant Jimmy Cross and his troops are assigned different missions, one of which is to look for the enemies in tunnels. by and by five minutes, Lieutenant Jimmy Cross moved to the tunnel, leaned down, and examined the darkness (p. 597). Throughout the story the narrator gives a background on the war and describes the different things the troops have to channelise with them, both physical and activated baggage. The Vietnam War began in 1959. The United States declared a war against Vietnam to stop the spread of communism. Many new(a) man were drafted most of them did not postulate to go to war. Once they were at war they did not demand to leave the war if they could not move, they stayed to fight the enemy. It was what had brought them to the war in the first place, nothing positive, no dreams of corona or honor, just to avoid the blush of dishon or (p. 598).Everyone in the war wanted to survive, so they had to carry everything they needed to stay alive. The story constantly lists the physical baggage the troops have to carry with them. Among the necessities or near-necessities were P-38 can openers, pocket knives, heat tabs, wristwatches, dog tags, mosquito repellent, chewing gum, candy, cigarettes, salt tablets, packets of Kool-Aid, lighters, matches, sewing kits, Military Payment Certificates, C rations, and two or three canteens of water (p. 596). Some troops took things with them that they did not really need and make their baggage heavier.Along with physical baggage, the troops carried emotional baggage. After Ted Lavender died, Lieutenant Cross snarl like it was his fault and he should have cared about his troops more(prenominal) than Martha. He had loved Martha more than his men, and as a consequence Lavender was now dead, and this was something he would have to carry like a stone in his stomach for the rest of the war (p. 599). The story does not describe much of what former(a) troops emotional baggage was, alone just like every other soldier in combat they all had something that troubled them.The story ends with the Lieutenant Cross hating Martha and becoming stricter with his troops. He did not want to lose another soldier because of some girl, and he understood that the troops might not esteem him as much, but it was for their well-being. Among men there would be grumbling, of course, and maybe worse because their days would seem durable and their loads heavier, but Lieutenant Jimmy Cross reminded himself that his obligation was not to be loved but to lead (p. 606).

Public Policy Essay Example for Free

Public Policy EssayPublic Administration always needs financial backing for various aspects by dint ofout many realms. From establishs to sidewalk repair to going green in residential homes to commencement up a business and educational grants. There are in addition, as we are currently seeing, monies flood tide from the federal authorities for stimulus payments to US citizens and as proposed by our in the buff President Elect Obama at that place are policies in the making for a permanent stimulus or tax rebate overdue to excessive oil prices and changes in healthcare. The one thing with the majority of the monies being spoken of is that so often comes from the federal government. This precludes any monies the extracts may have or have already spent, as in the rarity they also receive monies from federal agencies.So here we see a vicious circle of all in all these people needing money for one reason or another(prenominal), they spend what they have, apply for gran ts from the federal government, the federal government says hey ok but in the end, what do we do when the federal government runs out of money? What do states do when there is no money left to be tapped? Do they droll at another part because that department may have the monies to continue get ahead?Let us start with the liquor tax. Currently the taxation goes like this the federal government gets approximately 10% of severally gallon depending on the proof or volume manufactured (each state seems to vary) of the alcohol. The higher the proof, the more than the taxes they receive. The state on the other hand receives a much higher revenue from the tax (State Liquor Tax Rates-2008). Each state has different programs in which the taxes collected helps finance. The federal government should take only a specified amount, a flat tax from each state for both alcohol and tobacco and keep tally on which states they obtain these taxes from and howmuch. When these individual states run o ut of their own taxed revenue then when they apply for a grant, the grant acceptance and money distribution is then taken from the coffers of the federal government based upon the taxes already genuine into the hands of the federal government. This keeps those federal tax dollars focused in one area instead of permeate all over the board. If states run out of money from the federal government through this specified pie-eyed then the balloting of measures asking for the unrestricted in world-wide to vote on a new tax for this reason, should be implemented.Some states have public lottery games or gambling which is allowed in public places, of course with age allowances in place. The federal government has their hands in this pie as well. I suppose that the federal government should step away and not collect taxes on this except maybe through an individual tax return, and allow the states to keep and maintain this taxation as sole entities with a fiscal report as to where these t ax dollars are spent. In addition, taxes collected on gambling should be distributed to the uniform entities each yr without prevail or each year change their entities of who these taxes go to, to help finance. This would be akin to alternating weekends of work in the general public forum.Let us go a bit more local. Each county has their county has their own form of taxation and ways to obtain revenue. These counties should work in concert more as a team than what they currently do. Instead of them allocating their funds to only the departments within (i.e. metropolis tax on water only for water line improvement) they should all pool their monies together. Thereshould be a strict fiscal plan in place that determines how much money goes where and for what. Each department of the county should be made each year to make an honest analysis of what they will need to further any improvements that are necessary and not frivolous and based upon that information, this will determine what de partments get what. perhaps the courthouse has an upcoming need to repair a bathroom where as the dump wants a wall about their facility to improve aesthic purposes. Which is more important? This should be obvious. What if the county sheriffs department needs to have excess law enforcement but has a lack of cars? Instead of being allowed to buy the new cars each year, cold shoulder the rate of cars bought in half and put two people to each car. This may only implicate the savings from not buying 2 or 3 cars but each dollar helps.In the end, the county has a complete record of where all the money goes to and they have all worked together as a team and not against each other due to politics and there may also be more money left over at the end of each year which will emphatically lessen the amount of money asked for from the federal government.Healthcare is a big issue. Public policy should plainly enforce specific financial capping rules as to what the healthcare industry can c harge for their costs, this is to include doctors and providers of damages alike. If these two entities can work together as a team regarding services, payments and insurance under more strict federal guidelines of what can be charged for these instances, then this would make these two entities work more closely together.All in all, each department of each state, county and city that implements a tax, part of each department should also allocate a small percentage of the tax revenue to a general fund for emergencies or unseen departments that may suddenly need additional fund. This General fund should also be exhausted before applying for federal grants.Some may consider this a socialistic popular opinion regarding public administration and maybe it is, but if so then take a look into Canadas or Europes socialization and compare these two to the country of America. Which one is better off in the ample run. If you can determine that (and it isnt the USA) then you can determine tha t they are doing something more correct.

Digital Security And Privacy Information Technology Essay

Digital earnest And Privacy Information Technology studyIn this essay i will look at the basic fundamentals of earnest and retirement for subroutiners and stage businesses in the 21st century and what i think the shelter risks atomic number 18 for them and what the drive the earnest problems adopt on our privacy laws, does this controversal plan of attack to everybit of training or so commonwealth actually make organization much secure e.g pr hithertot system attacks. I will go indept into what i believe be the chief(prenominal) warrantor risks for users and businesses when browsing the internet or shopping and practice on post banking and also discuse briefly what it would be handle to remove no privacy. I will also discuses how when a user goes on a scoial networking site or hunt engine they might be at risk of sharing study unwillingly with the providers. And a nonher topic i will be discussing in this is how humans fail in thither bit for security and how to prevent this from happening.Digital security in the 21st century is now more than big than ever in front, there argon m some(prenominal) unlike types of security threats to the average psyche, business or even government. This is because everything we do on a daily basis spate have a security risk, whether it be from online shopping or checking your e-mail. If a users ready reckoner has been hacked or has some spyware or malware and they are apply it for online shopping, then the attacker may be able to gain approach to the users sensitive data which nooky then be used for postiche or theft or sold on to a third party for marketing data.Shopping in a store using your debit chasten board plunder also be a risk as debit handbills faeces be cloned by staff and pin numbers stolen using a device that looks the same as the notification machine moreover has been designed or modified to remember pin codes and clone users debit tease/credit card details. Laptops and Mobile phones being stolen arouse have personal reading on them, even losing your universal serial bus storage device or USB pen drive as they are know as for short which can contain all sorts of information because people, businesses and governments all use these devises to get or store data. And if the data is not encrypted then there is always the chance that someone can gain accession to it. shelterive cover is the main issue when it comes to a persons personal information whether it be from browsing the Internet to online banking there will always be people who want to steal information for an wide range of reasons (eg phishing and fraud) Another thing to be wary of is the topic of Liberty are security laws infringing on our basic human rights to privacy and our security by allowing corporations and even governments to spy on our Internet communication theory for what they call anti-piracy or National Security such as the PATRIOT Act in the coupled Sates of America, and this brings me to conclude, why should the rights of the many suffer because of the actions of a few.And this is being debated everyday of every week by civilized rights activists to our own government deciding what they can do and cannot do. Too much information available ab come forth anyone to anyone can be dangerous and this topic should be interpreted extremely seriously.One major impact on privacy is the development of social networking sites and search engine providers that sell the users information to third parties. The iterate Privacy is a fundamental human right. It underpins human dignity and other values such as freedom of association and freedom of speech. It has become one of the well-nigh important human rights of the modern age. by Marc Rotenberg, Protecting gentlemans gentleman Dignity in the Digital Age (UNESCO 2000) 1. And i think that we are caput into a society that does not care about the fundamental human rights we have and how we attained them.For the oretical describe anti-utopian, dystopian novels of the 20th century, depicted societies where privacy was non existant and an intrusive, oppressive regime denied this fundamental human right as a matter of course. In Yevgeny Zamyatins novel We 2the population lived in buildings constructed of glass, which allowed everyone and anyone to snoop on anyone whom they wished. Op function is unsufferable in a society where privacy is non-existant. George Orwells 1984 Big Brother and tele-screen are frighteningly similar to todays move towards a 21stcentury society where the Government and corporations have full access to every bit of any citizens digital life.The 19thcentury black champion of civil rights, Frederick Douglass protested that any rights and liberties won by any people were awarded after contesting the causality structures of society. He said in 1857 that Power concedes nothing without a demand, it never did and it never will. Find out just what any people will quietly subm it to, and you have found out the carry measure of injustice and wrong that will be imposed upon them. 3Frederick Douglass, speaking on the emancipation of the West Indies, 1857Men may not get all they pay for in this world, but they moldiness certainly pay for all they get. 3 also has meaning to that you can use a search engine for free and also a social networking site, but be careful of your information as they might sell it on to third parties.In the book The Art of Deception Controlling the Human Element of Security 4, the authors Kevin D. Mitnick William L. Simon nablame the Human individual as the weakest link, the individual is relegated to a position below the security system in question. Page 3, titled in big black earn Securitys Weakest Link states the humanfactor is truly securitys weakest link.In the Computer Security Handbook, John Wiley Sons (2002) 5which some of the top security specialists in the world have contributed to. Donn B. Parker, a retired (1997) senio r management consultant at RedSiren Technologies in Menlo Park, Ca, who has specialised in information security for 35 of his 50 years in the estimator field and who Information Security Magazinehas identified as one of the five top Infosecurity Pioneers (1998) writes in 5.1.3 Functions of Information Security Computer Security Handbook that the complete opposite to the previous paragraph is true, that the current three function security model, (prevention, detection, and recovery) are completely insufficient and that an 11 function model is needed to eliminate or mitigate the security risks in question, which include avoidance, deterrence, detection, prevention, mitigation, transference, investigation, sanctions rewards, recovery, correction, finally education 5.It is easy to jump to conclusions and intuitively blame the people whom personate hackers or adversaries to computer security professionals, but history shows us that nothing should be taken for granted concerning secu rity. No system will be inherently perfect, and new technologies are continually being created and updated, and most will likely become more secure as time goes on. Human nature on the other hand is a constant and no man or woman should ever pick at humanity to a role below that of a firewall, for any reason. If a computer security system is vulnerable, patch the system or come up with innovative methods to secure it from outside access, improve on the imperfect and take comfort knowing that you have executed your job successfully, thus without sacrificing your morality.Types of attack once a malicious program has been installed on a person or business or governments bodys computer, it can cause harm in many different ways. And the most typical mechanisms for attacks by hackers is taking control of a users access and pretending to be that legitimate user. This can be very bad if a hacker gains access to any information as the user might not realise in time for it to be stopped bei ng used eg. bank account or credit card information being stolen. Stealing or copying secret or confidential data for incorporate espionage or other purposes. Destroying corporate data to do financial damage to a business or government body Causing network and system shortages to paralyze a companys operations eg. Denial of service attack (D.O.S) or Distributed denial of service attack (D.D.O.S).Risks to an OrganisationSecurity vulnerabilites culmination from within an organisation are on the increase in todays businesses and are increasingly the operational risks of any business in todays world, and in a time of recession this is not good because it brings the running cost of the business up and costs to the average person may go up also . so this can lead to a loss of reputation in the regard to customers or partnership in a company or even the share keep upers of the company. there may also be a risk to the business by interruption to the company and lead to the violation of legal and government reulation requirements to protect sensitive customer information E.G OFCOM if the attack works, some examples are Unauthorized access to any information where the access includes disclosure, modification and destruction of any data. Unauthorized users or hackers, i.e. a person who have not been given the rights by the owner/user to access the system.How do people fail in the line of security?Social Engineering Manipulation con-artists are being used to acquire confidential information by manipulating genuine users into telling them. It is a new type of insider attack that is on the up effort similar to an attack that is knowm as phishing in which a malicious or hackeris able toget privileged access with access to company sensitive information in turn which can lead to other users/customers into providing access to forbiddon information.These con-artists rely and work on the basis that people are kind hearted and not aware of the valuble information they know and are careless about protecting it because they think its irrelevant. These con-artists will search bins or skips or take advantage of peoples natural ability to choose passwords that are based on what is considered to bemeaningful to the user such as relatives, date of birth or pets name etc but can be easily guessed if the hacker learns persoanl information about them. the name they now give the method these con-artists employ is called Social engineering and will always a threat to any security system.More internal threats may be if there is aloss of data or data is change, and backups fail this will lead to business having a losses of revenu and this in turn may affect the clients and loss of money to a business.There may also be misuse and theft of Call Records and information and also tele-communication center in which, internal breaches my accure by users who sometimes bypass the usage record from billing someone or a subscribers and then bydeleting the call record informa tion from a database or by manipulating a program to forgive simple things to user subscribers.Identity theft Identity theft of a customers priceless information such as address, security passwords credit card information, and date of birth or in a businesss sense, ID cards, Access codes .Identity fraud is a term that is used to signify to any type of crime in which any person or business wrongfully gets hold of and uses another persons personal data in anyway way that may involves fraud or deception, typically for capital gains eg. giving the business an upper-hand from a competitor.Information used in examine of biometrics for example of soem (face token glance overner, palm print scanner, hand scanner ,handwriting of a person, fingerprints,voice recognition software, sword lily/retina scaners ) are each unique to every person and cannot be given to another human for their use, but can be faked, well some of them. However, personal data, especially a credit card account or debit card number, and other valuable personal information can be taken advantage of and maybe used by the wrong person for fraudulent purposes and sold to third parties at the cost to the average users.The not so innocentBrowsing the sack and using e-mails can seem a normal exercise in layman terms but may seem nave to the advanced users whom understand the security risks. For the average user however, all their activities can upset business. Some viruses that can do this are ( Worms/trojons/malware/spyware or Choke viruses) that are design and aimed at Instant Messaging systems that people use such as a social networking site and windows live messenger (MSN), the users may use these softwares or websites to talk to their friends online or send information from and each pose their own unique security threats. Anti-virus softwares and other tools may not detect malicious code opening through the font-system 6 or Instant Messaging system, so infected files can infect the desktop an d then into the network or a business.If a companys usb stick or security cards or notebooks are lost or stolen, important information may be at risk such as id names and Unique Identifier numbers.Outside threats to an organisationExternal threats are mixed threats that combine many different ways such as worms, viruss, spam and distributed denial of service (DDOS). Every day, hundreds of new ways are discovered to attack software and security breaches by intruders, hackers and security professionals. There are more than 30k hacking-based Web sites on the internet now so it no longer needs a computer savy person to hack a site, just someone with time and patience.How to keep your computer safe with Virus foresee Measures.Regular Updating of a users Anti-Virus and Anti Spyware Software This is to protect the user against viruses and malware/spyware and this is why antivirus software should be installed. any user email attachment files should be scanned This is because computer virus es are most likely to be in an email attachment. just because emails come from your best friends does not mean it is still not important to scan there emails which may contain attachments before opening them as they may contain anything. tombstone points for handling email attachments Be careful when opening email attachments from unknown recipients. Do not be fooled by the appearance of attachment files always check the extension to make sure its not a .exe, .com or any other executable extension for a word document or come across file. Do not send a plain text that can be included in the body of an email message as an attachment file eg. Encrypt your messages. Learn about how email attachments are handled by different email programs. Every file that is should be scanned with a users anti-virus and anti-spyware scanner before opening, because the user will never fully know whats inside. A lot of files such as image files, .MP3,.MP4 and .avi videos are downloaded from the Internet, but some are notwhat we expect and contain malicious programs embedded in them or in the code of these files to hurt or dammage our computers, and a way to avoid this is to be sure to scan downloaded files before using them or opening them. An example is the font system vulnerability of Windows XP. 6 result full advantage of the security functions/ settings supplied with any coat software Regulary updates of Security Patches Should be installed All upstart viruses attempt to exploit bug in a software or security holes that a coder mite not have known about when creating the software to gain access to the operating systems and application software that a current user might be using. If there is any weakness in your computer it can be and most likely will be infected with viruses or have corporate malware on them and the only way to combat this is by previewing emails or accessing the Internet when all security updates have been applied and clearing your Internet cookies after ev ery session.causes of Virus Infection must not be overlooked. If you have encountered symptoms that you think are a virus you should do a scan, a users computer may have been infected with any sort of virus . so it is very important to keep abreast out for this as it can be a major security flaw and scan your computer for viruses regularly to avoid disapointment.If a users computer system or an application freezes, or the system does not start.Files may be deltes or just become hidden. Unknown icons apear.some programs may make attempts to access the Internet without any notification to the user, this is why a firewall is needed.Emails are sent without the users consent. skitter intuitively to make sure there is no virus or spyware on a users PC.All a users data should backup data regulary in case of of system failureData corrupted by a system or hardware failure cannot always be restored by using software. Make the habit of getting use to backing up.Conclusion

Gaming and animation industry

turn and vim fabricationAnimationAnimation or 3D is a big innovation.We fuck check sustenance from the Greek word anim argon which means to give life to fewthing without. Animation is a serial publication of lull pictures that atomic number 18 sh stimulate in rapid succession creates the illusion of effect because of persistence of vision, this means the image be on the retina a fraction of a second longer. If we see many images (24 a sec) they exit solely link up. There are different types of lifespan calculating machine games use vim for games such as tomb raider and frogger, the characters and scoretings are totally animated. Cell vitality is the process of taking a taking over of images and stringing them together to create movement. It is an old process that is even so utilise today to create brio for cinema, television, and electronic computers. An usage of cell living is in programmes such as superman. Cut out vitality is a proficiency that is quick er than cel. Parts of the body of an animal or person are cut out and coloured, so assembled and reassembled into different positions instead of being drawn over and over again.Animation has developed a allot since the 1900s, the first animated feature film was made by Cohl and George Melies that was made in 1918.Indias, gaming, attention, $860, one zillion billion million, and, invigoration, industry, $1bn, 2012.Indias gaming and vital force industrys are the 2 industries which are loss at a fast rate. The compounded annual proceeds rate (CAGR) predicted for vim industry is 22%. For gaming industry it is 53%NASSCOM, animation industry is a $494 million industry in 2008 and at the CAGR of 22% it lead be $1bn industry. These are revised estimates where the ontogeny estimates are cut. The global CAGR is estimated to be 10% much lesser than Indias declare CAGR. Animation globally will be a $100 bn industry (it is $68 bn in 2008)Key particles in Animationo Entertainment a nimation,o Animation education,o Custom subject field development ando multimedia/ net design and VFXo Gaming on the different handThe segments are split as shown below animation-nasscomGaming is the prompt ontogeny among the two and believably the fastest growing industry in India. It is $167 million industry in 2008. With an estimated CAGR of 53% it will be $830 million in 2012. Globally it is $21 meg in 2008 and will grow to $53.6 billion in 2012.Key segments in gamingo On concern games,o Massively multi walkoverer online role-playing games (MMORPG),o Casual,o Mobile games,o PC gameso Console games,o uniform and HandheldThe segments are split as shown below gaming-nasscomNASSCOM revised its 2012 forecast for animation industry from USD 1060 million to 830 million and gaming industry from USD 1163 million to 1000 million. Some of the positionors which accounted for the revision were the global economic downturn, domestic box office for animation delineations not picking up as estimated, End to end learning sets not being developed in the animation services industry.Animation industry in IndiaIndia is emerge as an outsourcing hub for animation and visual effects with life-sized number of international media companies entering into joint ventures with animation studios in India.The Animation manufacture in India though a late starter, is considered as one of the fastest growing segments of the entertainment and media industry. The Animation Industry in India gained signifi advisece as an outsourced destination for animation lock due to low represent, skilled labour as its many advantages. In the recent past Indian animation companies and animation studios grow been moving up the value chain to create their own talented property castigates with Hanuman, Roadside Romeo, etc. and partnering with international studios to produce animated properties for the global audience.Though a major(ip)(ip)ity of the cut back done by the animation industr y in India is outsourced lend, this is judge to change in the future with change magnitude demand from the domestic entertainment industry. The Indian animation industry in 2007 was estimated at USD 0.31 billion and is expect to grow at CAGR 24% to reach USD 0.94 billion by 2012. The Indian animation industry in 2007 was estimated at USD 0.31 billion and is expected to grow at CAGR 24% to reach USD 0.94 billion by 2012.Indian animation industry including market surface, development and key segments. Analysis of drivers reveals that growing demand for animated content in the domestic market, cost arbitrage opportunity in India, improving animation education and increase character licensing business have helped growth of this sector in India. The key challenges identified include full(prenominal) set-up and return cost, talent shortage and lack of protection of rational property. The future trends identified include change magnitude animation application in other sectors, dome stic animation query-picture shows earning revenues through international releases and increase in coronations and realizations for animated movies in India.Market size and growth rate of animation industryWith global players standardized Walt Disney, Imax, Warner Bros signing bundles with Indian animation companies for outsourcing and co- exertion, it is expected that the animation industry in India stinkpot touch $950 million by 2009 and is expected to grow at a fast pace over the next five dollar bill years.However, outside the Industry there is scepticism round the pace of growth because of the challenges exchangeable piracy, lack of intellectual property (IP) protection rights, acute lack of resources and investments the Industry is facing.In an interaction with Business Standard, KPMG Advisory realise (P) Ltd Director Jaiddep Ghosh said, Although India is the largest media consuming market in the world, only 1 per cent of the US market size which is estimated at $10 billion, so cold the animation is concerned, it is currently pegged at $600 million.Commenting upon the industry market size, he said, The Indian market size is extremely fragmented with the top players accounting for 10-15 per cent of the industry turnover. notwithstanding, easy-nigh of the players are direct or indirect off-shoots of the Indian BPO boom. This legacy and low indigenous demand force to the highest degree of the players to adopt the outsourcing business model.Prominent players include Toonz Animation, apex Communication, Maya Entertainment, UTV Toons, Zee, etc. Also, Pritish Nandy Communication has plans for five unmown 3-D animated bollywood films and has signed a $25-million deal with Florida- found animation accompany Motion Pixel Corporation. Crest Animations has entered into a tierce-movie co-production agreement with Lions Gate, a major movie studio. Also, animation studio DQ Entertainment has made a pact with US-based Electronic Arts to draw on PC games.With these developments, it seems that things will change dramatically in the near future. Further, Walt Disney, Imax, Warner Bros are signing contracts with Indian Animation companies for outsourcing and co-production.Animation needs a much big investment and longer production circles. However, it has very long shelf lives and content leverage scope. A common animation movie may take 2 years for completion unlike general movies. Further it is labour intensive, although with the advent of computers, the work has been simplified and is a relief from the days when each frame had to be drawn by hand. It is estimated that the labour may account for 70-80 per cent of the total costs for a 2-D animation production. It is lower for 3-D animation. Further, animation products are expensive to produce, on an average animation costs 5-15 quantify more than a live product.The key challenges before the industry are piracy and lack of IP protection rights and an acute lack of resources , investment and government support. The slack IP laws and weak enforcement mean that studios can expect leakage of revenue at every academic degree.Indian animation industry poised for growthRight now, about 300,000 students are undergoing training in animation technology across India. Most of the professionals are still at the entry level, The way the industry is growing, even these 300,000 professionals will not be plenteous to handle the work load in the coming years.Good times ahead for Animation Industry apirants as Hanuman, Hanuman Returns and now Bal Ganesh the string of successful animation movies is an indication of the fast growth that the Indian animation industry is poised for subsequently the development of some very advanced software.As far as the Indian animation movie production is concerned, a new phase has now started after advanced software has been developed. Technology is key to the growth of the animation sector.India has about 200 animation, 40 VFX and 35 game development studios, only the country needs more workstations to make optimal use of the emf that the industry has.we get trainers from the US and Canada to train our staff and help them understand the current trends in animation in the world market. This ensures that the output is on a par with the acceptable levels for international standards, especially Hollywood.Animation movie making will soon emerge as a self-sufficient industry and attain a full-ledged stature.The Indian animation movie production, however, had a rather shaky start. In 1984, when the renowned artiste Ram Mohan precious to make an animation movie on the Indian desperate Ramayana in collaboration with the Japanese film maker Yogo Sako.The movie, Ramayan, executed under Mohans leadership, created a revolution in the international market in that it made the westward world aware for the first time of talent available in India to make animation movies.India saw an outsourcing boom subsequently. But, due to the high cost involved, together with shortage of manpower and technology, animation movie making stagnated after Ramayan was released.Some of them did create story-based animated work, but those were meant only for the advertising commercials. It was only since 2000 that corporate houses set their sights on producing animation movies.UTV was the first corporate entity to plan animated versions of India Book Houses popular Amar Chitra Katha serial publication in the 1990s. But the project did not get off the ground. A decade later Percept determine Company (PPC) brought to India its Hanuman series of animation features Hanuman and Hanuman Returns.At a one-day conference on animation and gaming in Chandgarh recently, Punit Vatsayan, managing director of Mobera Systems Pvt. Ltd., said the Indian animation and gaming industry is intercommunicate to reach the $1 billion mark by 2010 from the current combined revenues of $402 million.Navin Gupta, chief operating incumbent of the Maya Academy of Advanced Cinematics (MAAC), a Mumbai-based animation training institute, said the Indian animation industry is still hard-pressed for skilled manpower.Made on a budget of about Rs.15 million, PPCs first animation movie Hanuman went on to earn Rs.70 million for the corporate entity. PPC respected it up with Hanuman Returns.Shemaroo in another Indian company that feels animation is good business. It has set up its own animation studio to create animation movies in-house. Though Shemaroos maiden animation attempt, Bal Ganesh, did not see the success of PPCs Hanuman and Hanuman Returns, it scored in term of quality.Animation movie can be made here 15 times cheaper than the cost of a Hollywood production.Supply chain governance and outsourcing in animationAs a prove of all the potential of the animation market, the governance of animation production (i.e., where decisions on the supply chain) is dictated by the institutions which mastery whether content is produced an d how it is distributed. Increasingly, these two aspects are connected. In the US, the distribution of animation is essentially controlled by the large TV channels such as the Fox Network, the specialized channels such as Nickleodeon and cartoon Network, the larger distributor/studios or other content providers such as Disney. It is only when a production studio gets large and well-known enough that it can effectively dictate its own future.Since close animation series are carried by TV studios, and since these studios may be in the broadcasting rather than production business, they intrust heavily on contracting with creative talent of outside production studios. Specialized animation channels, and antecedently Fox, usually keep some internal pre-production and postproduction achievements, and sometimes even hold onto the production internally. That is, they have their own creative talent, either for developing animation in-house, or for spotting or identifying concepts in the conceptualization and preproduction phase, which are then outsourced to animation studios.Post-production is often done in-house as well since it is really a redirect examination stage that ensures that production meets the preproduction specifications. In contrast, the recent 3D movies have largely not been outsourced. The reasons for this will follow as we examine the creative production process for Pixar in more detail.Unlike animation, the film industry has outsourced their computer graphics (CG) effects for the most part. This is part because of the flexibly specialized nature of film production, which allows outsourcing, and partly because of the fact that the film industry has conventionally been dependent only on physical assets such as actors and locations. Increasingly, however, computer graphics effects are becoming more and more useful in film, blurring the line amid film and CG or CGI animation. No where was this more evident than in the Lord of the Rings trilogy either three movies used CG effects extensively for the main battle scenes, redefining the notion of what assets are needed for heroic poem scenes or to define a movie.Supply chain governance and outsourcing in animationAs a result of all the potential of the animation market, the governance of animation production (i.e., where decisions on the supply chain) is dictated by the institutions which control whether content is produced and how it is distributed. Increasingly, these two aspects are connected. In the US, the distribution of animation is essentially controlled by the large TV channels such as the Fox Network, the specialized channels such as Nickleodeon and Cartoon Network, the larger distributor/studios or other content providers such as Disney. It is only when a production studio gets large and well-known enough that it can effectively dictate its own future.Since most animation series are carried by TV studios, and since these studios may be in the broadcasting rather t han production business, they rely heavily on contracting with creative talent of outside production studios. Specialized animation channels, and previously Fox, usually keep some internal pre-production and postproduction operations, and sometimes even hold onto the production internally. That is, they have their own creative talent, either for developing animation in-house, or for spotting or identifying concepts in the conceptualization and preproduction phase, which are then outsourced to animation studios.Post-production is often done in-house as well since it is really a follow-up stage that ensures that production meets the preproduction specifications. In contrast, the recent 3D movies have largely not been outsourced. The reasons for this will follow as we examine the creative production process for Pixar in more detail.Unlike animation, the film industry has outsourced their computer graphics (CG) effects for the most part. This is partly because of the flexibly specialize d nature of film production, which allows outsourcing, and partly because of the fact that the film industry has traditionally been dependent only on physical assets such as actors and locations. Increasingly, however, computer graphics effects are becoming more and more useful in film, blurring the line between film and CG or CGI animation. No where was this more evident than in the Lord of the Rings trilogy All three movies used CG effects extensively for the main battle scenes, redefining the notion of what assets are needed for epic scenes or to define a movie.Indias Advantages in the Animation IndustryIndias attractiveness as an animation hub lies in the presence of an English-speaking workforce, high-quality software engineers, a large pool of creative talent, good studios and low costs. The cost of producing a 30-minute 3D animation programme in India is US$60,000 compared to US$250,000-400,000 in the United States and Canada. India has a cost advantage compared to the Philip pines, which is another low cost producer of animations. The average monthly salary of an animation professional in India is US$600 compared to US$1,000-US$1,200 in the Philippines. The cost of outsourcing one hour of animation work to India is estimated to be 30% to 40% of the corresponding costs in leading animation centres in Korea, mainland China and the Philippines.Indias advantages in low costs have been exploited by many multinational firms and production studios. The advent of digital animation coincided with the liberalization of the Indian economy and India offered the benefits of lower production costs, strong creative and technical foul skills and a large English speaking population. This has led to the development of state of the art animation studios in several Indian cities, and these studios are collaborating with global entertainment companies.Main characteristics of animationAnimations for EducationEducators are sky-high taking up the opportunities that computer an imation offers for depicting dynamic content. For example, PowerPoint now has an easy-to-use animation facility that, in the right hands, can produce very effective educational animations. Because animations can explicitly depict changes over time, they seem ideally suited to the schooling of processes and procedures. When used to present dynamic content, animations can mirror both(prenominal) the changes in position (translation), and the changes in form (transformation) that are fundamental to learning this type of subject reckon.In contrast with static pictures, animations can show temporal change directly (rather than having to indicate it indirectly exploitation auxiliary markings such as arrows and motion lines). Using animations instead of static graphics removes the need for these added markings so that pomps can be not only simpler and less cluttered, but to a fault more vivid, engaging, and more intuitively comprehended. In addition, the scholar does not have to inte rpret the auxiliary markings and try to infer the changes that they summ bear. Such description and inference may demand a level of graphicacy skills that the learner does not possess. With animated depictions, information about the changes involved is available to be read straight from the display without the learner needing to perform mental animation.Animations make haste LearningIt seems that animations should be ideal for presenting dynamic content. However, research evidence about the educational effectiveness of animations is mixed. miscellaneous investigations have compared the educational effectiveness of static and animated displays across a number of content domains. while there have been some findings that show positive effects of animations on learning, other studies have assemble no effects or even negative effects. In general, it can be concluded that animations are not intrinsically more effective than static graphics. Rather, the particular characteristics of i ndividual animations and how they are used play a key role in the effects that they have on learning.Animations Make Learning fasterWell-designed animations may help students learn faster and easier. They are also excellent aid to teachers when it comes to explaining difficult subjects. The problem of subjects may arise due to the involvement of mathematics or imagination. For instance, the flow$ of electric current is invisible. The operation of electric circuits is difficult for students to understand at the beginning. With the aid of computer animations, learning and teaching might flummox easier, faster and am utilise.Educational EffectivenessIt seems that when the subject matter is complex, learners may be overwhelmed by animated presentations. This is connect to the role of visual perception and cognition in human information processing. Our human perceptual and cognitive systems have limited capacities for processing information. If these limits are exceeded when using an animation, learning may be compromised. For example, the pace at which the animation presents its information may exceed the whet at which the learner can process it effectively. Youll probably find it quite demanding to work out exactly whats happening in the accompanying animation (part of a pumping system) for this reason. But the solution is obvious slow the animation down and accompany it with a written explanation. It is unbelievable that superior learning is achieved by thoughtlessly substituting animation for a static graphic but by having it accompany textual explication. Another suggestion for addressing such problems is to provide user control for the learner over how the animation plays. User controllable animations allow learners to vary aspects such as the playing speed and direction, labels and audio commentary to suit themselves.Perceptual Salience versus Thematic RelevanceComplexity of the subject matter may not be the only reason for difficulties that learners s ometimes have with animations. It seems that problems can also arise from the perceptual effects of such presentations. In a poorly designed animation, the information that learners notice most readily in the animation may not be the information that is of greatest importance. Conversely, information that is relatively inconspicuous may be very grand. You can see an example of this in the top right hand corner of the accompanying animation. Tucked away here is a small grey-coloured valve whose subtle movement lets air into this pumping system (which is where the bubbles come from). However, its nowhere near as noticeable as the big, more central, orange-coloured valve that is going up and down so obviously. The point is that animations should not appear in a vacuum and most will require accompanying explanation.Obviously, perceptibility of information does not necessarily correspond with its actual relevance to the learning task to be performed. Features of the animated display th at are most conspicuous because of their contrast with the rest of the display are not always the best place for learners to direct their attention. In other words, there can be a poor correspondence between the perceptual salience (noticeability) of a feature and its thematic relevance, and an accompanying text is needed to correct this.The Top Ten Animation Companies in India1. Toonz Animation India, is based in Thiruvananthapuram and has to its credit the successful series The Adventures of Tenali Raman. The team here is also working on a full-fledged feature film called Tommy and Oscar which is a 2D /3D combo project. This is apart from completing work for the Italian producer Rainbow Productions a 2D television series called Will o the Wisp (26 X 6 min) for Animoon Plc, United Kingdom and a big-budget 3D television series for major a US broadcaster. This company has tied up with First Serve International to form First Serve Toonz.2. Pentamedia Graphics, Chennai is a subordinat e of computer software company Pentafour. It is best known for its animated 3D film using the motion capture technique, Sindbad Beyond the Veils of the Mists.3. Maya Entertainment, Mumbai has been doing outsourced work for a while now and has done the special effects for The mommy and Stuart Little. It is also working on animating short films starring a character called Wabo, to be used by the United Nations to educate worldwide audiences on the importance of fresh drinking water.4. UTV Toonz, Mumbai is the animation element of UTV Software Communications and is one of the top ranking studios dealing in flash as well as traditional animation. It has bagged a US$10 billion deal with an American company for outsourced work. other assignments for international clients include like two Dutch deals to produce a musical cartoon series called ClubNow and a fantasy series The Donz a project with Cinegroup of Canada for the images for a sci-fi series. They are also working with companies in Scotland and Luxembourg for the development of series like Clootie Dumpling and Snow Queen. It will also be working on Kong The Next Generation for New York-based BKN New Media.5. Heart Entertainment, a 2D animation studio is yet another big name in the animation sphere, which is doing a lot of outsourced work. Among the animation featured in its portfolio are Warner Brothers Histeria, Tommy Nelsons Crippled Lamb and Little Dogs on the Prairie. It also has to its credit some work done for Walt Disney.6. Padmalaya Telefilms, Mumbai is a unit of Indias largest listed media firm, Zee Telefilms. It is expected to make 104 cartoon episodes for US$ 14 million and distribute Mondos library for US$ 15 million. It has also inked some deals with British animation companies like Mallard Media and Ealing Animation.7. Nipuna Services Ltd, a division of Satyam Computer Services, has recently bagged a project worth US$ 8 billion from 4K Animation GmbH, a German animation company. This assignme nt is among the biggest deals struck by an Indian BPO in the animation space. It is also doing significant work for a New Zealand based company called utilise Gravity. The work includes animatronics models for New Zealand Theme parks as well as an animatronics dog for Animal Planets series K9 to 11.8. 8. Jadoo Works, Bangalore is working on an animated film series Lord Krishna and the crime caper Bombay Dogs. It has done work for US animation studios like Wild Brain and Guardian Angel Animation (GaGa).9. Crest Communications, Mumbai, is a leading 3-d animation company and does a lot of work for American Studios. It came into limelight in 2002, when it won an Emmy for animation production work done for the animated series Jakers The Adventures of Piggley-Winks. It is also to work on three features for Lions Gate Family Entertainment. Crest is also expected to produce and release Sylvester and the Magic Pebble based on the story by William Steig the creator of Shrek.10. 10. Silverto on Studio, Mumbai, is engaged primarily in subcontract work for U.S., French, and British studios, using digital ink, paint and compositing system.Challenges to Growth of Indias Animation IndustryWhile it is true that Indias animation industry is growing at a remarkable pace, the fact remains that this growth is largely a result of the mushrooming of studios-for-hire. In animation feature films, for example, while Indian companies carry out the animation work, most of the writing, character design, and storyboarding are done abroad. India is yet to become a successful player in concept creation, the high value-adding segment of the industry which remains a preserve of western firms. Indias advantages of low costs in this industry will be too short-lived, and sooner rather than later, the country will have to start developing its own intellectual property. There are several challenges faced by the Indian animation industry.Lack of payIndian animation firms cannot match their western counterparts in monetary strength. It is pointed out that state support in the form of tax holidays is crucial for success in the animation business. Canada, for example, offers major incentives to its studios for developing animation products. However, financial institutions in India have not been much forthcoming in funding projects in animation and synergetic media. The long gestation period before fruition of projects discourages potential investors. This can be a major hurdle, and it has, in fact, led to the stoppage of a few production ventures. For example, Jadooworks had to stop production of animated epic of Krishna due to technical problems and lack of funding. The firm was supposedly on the verge of bankruptcy and this has led to the curtailment of about Interestingly, Jadooworks is the same firm which drew appreciation from 250 workers.Thomas Friedman in an article in February 2004 for employing traditional artistes and transforming their skills to computerised digita l painting he was arguing that globalisation can have beneficial impact on traditional artists.The experience of Jadooworks underlines the fact that it is still too ambitious for Indian companies to single-handedly enter into animation projects. all the same a small project in the animation industry entails a budget of US$30 million, which is not affordable for Indian firms. International AttentionTata Elxsi Visual Computing Labs (VCL) in India tied up with Prologue Films in the United States to design the computer generated graphics for display at the academy awards in blemish 2004. This fact is not very well known. What this highlights is another challenge faced by the Indian animation industry attention at the national and international level. While Indian animation companies do contract work for western firms, the entire credit, including ownership of copyrights, for the work goes to the western firm. Paucity of Physical and Legal root word As per the recommendations by a N ASSCOM study, improvement of animation studios and better training for Indian animators are important for Indias long term success in the animation industry.India should develop an organized animation sector and also frame suitable laws and copyright rules. The infrastructural facilities have to be improved to attract more foreign investment and to enhance the efficiency of the industry. Also more emphasis has to be placed on the domestic industry as the domestic demand for animation in the entertainment gaming and computer sectors are expected to grow multifold. Need For TrainingThere are no academic institutes like Indian Institutes of Technology, regional Engineering Colleges, Polytechnics, etc., churning out animators by the thousands. What we have are only fine arts schools which teach the fundamentals but not the technical skills required for production, points out K. Chandrasekhar, General Manager, Media Works, Tata Elxsi. According to him, this is a major drawback for the in dustry in India.Education in new media has to be embedded into the mainstream curriculum. Students have to realise that they can have a lucrative career as animators, and the government as well as educational institutions have to start programmes for their career development. The animation sector will benefit greatly by with child(p) encouragement to the community of traditional artists as much as to technically trained professionals. In other words, integration of the rural and urban talent will prove highly beneficial. Also, NASSCOMs President Kiran Karnik believes that there is a need for an animation academy to build a steady inflow of animation professionals in the industry. NASSCOM increase its help to the government for framing the curriculum and also w